Abstract

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is native to tropical and subtropical areas of the Americas but has recently invaded and established in several African and Asian countries, including India. It successfully oviposits and feeds on a variety of host plants, but its feeding damage to maize, Zea mays L., is of great concern in its native and expanded ranges. Conventional insecticides are the usual means of managing the pest, despite the adverse impacts of these chemistries on nontarget species, as well as human and environmental health. Botanicals, biological agents, cultural practices, host plant resistance, and genetically modified hosts also have been explored for management, as has the use of reproductive pheromones for management, monitoring, and decision making. We conducted a review of available scientific literature on the use of reproductive pheromones for monitoring, mass trapping, disrupting mating, and decision making in the management of S. frugiperda. Assembling this information in one location will facilitate additional research with pheromone-based management strategies and tactics, especially within expanded ranges of the pest.

Abstract

The direct effect of Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri Watson, on cotton growth and development is well documented, but its indirect effect through harboring feeding insects is less understood. Palmer amaranth emerged with cotton and remaining in the field for 30 days increased tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), populations compared with a weed-free system. Weedy systems noted up to 49% more damaged terminals than weed-free systems, with cotton yield decreasing as damaged terminals increased at one of two locations. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) populations were effectively controlled with Aeris^® (Bayer, St. Louis, MO) seed treatment (imidacloprid + thiodicarb at 0.375 mg active ingredient per seed), but there was no correlation between thrips infestations and increasing damaged cotton terminals. However, Aeris seed treatment significantly reduced the occurrence of damaged cotton terminals. In a second experiment, Palmer amaranth infesting an area adjacent to a weed-free cotton field had maximum damaged terminals of 51% on the cotton row proximal to the weedy area, with the distal cotton row (44 m away) having 8% terminal damage. Cotton yield significantly decreased as damaged terminals increased. A final bioassay experiment further evaluated the influence of seed treatment on tarnished plant bug feeding impacting cotton seedlings. With Aeris seed treatment, tarnished plant bug mortality was 97%, compared with 37% for nontreated seed. Results suggest tarnished plant bug infestations increased where Palmer amaranth was present in cotton fields. Additionally, greater Palmer amaranth infestations led to an increase in damaged cotton terminals and lower yields.

Abstract

Grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae), is an important pest that forms galls on the foliage and roots of Vitis species. The effects of grape phylloxera on grape root have been studied extensively. This study investigated the effects of the foliar form of grape phylloxera, which is a persistent pest of North American native Vitis species and cold-hardy hybrid wine grapes between Vitis vinifera L. and Vitis riparia Michx. For a susceptible variety, ‘Frontenac’, in commercial Minnesota vineyards, there were reductions in cluster weight due to foliar phylloxera infestations in 2017 (one site; P = 0.05) and 2018 (three sites; nonsignificant). Reductions in cluster weight can be economically important to growers. For four grape varieties (susceptible and resistant) evaluated in the greenhouse, there were numerical reductions in photosynthetic rate and localized photosystem II efficiency in 1 of 2 yr. Resistant varieties had less of a reduction on conductance due to grape phylloxera infestation than susceptible varieties in 1 of 2 yr. The degree to which this occurs in resistant varieties may be related to the formation of fewer adaxial stomata; however, this hypothesis requires additional research. These results add important information to better understand how foliar phylloxera injury affects wine grape photosynthesis and yield. The results serve as a foundation for investigating variety-specific responses to foliar phylloxera through the use of advanced phenotyping technologies. This knowledge will lead to a better understanding of the effect of the pest on the diversity of cold-hardy grape varieties grown in the Midwestern United States.

Herein, we report the first occurrence of the palm seed weevil, Caryobruchus gleditsiae Johansson & L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), from the seeds of the palm, Brahea berlandieri Bartlett (Arecaceae) in northeastern Mexico. Our discovery was serendipitous in that our objective in collecting B. berlandieri fruits was to create a germplasm bank of different palm species from the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico (Reyes-Zepeda, 2016, Final Technical Report of Project: Manejo y conservación del germoplasma de tres especies de palma de interés comercial en el estado de Tamaulipas, México. Registry: UAT-PTC-186. PRODEP-SEP. México. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31107.84002, accessed

Chemical Mechanism of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid-Induced Resistance in Rose Against Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)¹

Guiyan Chen,

Jing Cheng,

Zhuo Yang,

Qiuyu Zhao,

Zhangsong Shao,

Fazhong Yang, and

Yunxian Li

A Review of the Scientific Literature on the Use of Reproductive Pheromones in the Management of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Abstract

Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthaceae) and At-Plant Insecticide Impacts on Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Injury to Seedling Cotton Terminals

Abstract

Effects of Foliar Phylloxera (Hemiptera: Phylloxeridae) Infestations on Wine Grape Photosynthesis, Yield, and Fruit Quality

Abstract

Efficiency of Three Egg Parasitoid Species on Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Laboratory and Field Cages

Abstract

Screening and Stability Evaluation of Reference Genes for Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction in Agrilus zanthoxylumi (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Abstract

Diversity, Abundance, and Effect of Genetically Modified Maize on Nontarget Predators in Sinaloa, Mexico

Abstract

Two Adaptations of Foray's Unified Energetic Budget Measurement Protocol for Highly Chitinized Insects and Faster Glycogen Determination

Organic Insecticides for Control of the Rice Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

First Report of Caryobruchus gleditsiae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Brahea berlandieri in Northeast Mexico

The Effectiveness of Malaise Traps, H-Traps, and Sticky Traps for Collecting Horseflies (Diptera: Tabanidae)

Natural Enemies Associated with Brevipalpus sp. (Acari: Tenuipalpidae), Vector of Citrus Leprosis

Chemical Mechanism of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid-Induced Resistance in Rose Against Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)¹

Interference with Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase Reduces Wax Secretion and Influences the Development of Male Ericerus pela (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) Nymphs¹

Glycyrrhiza Volatiles Mediate the Host Preference of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)¹

Insect Pollinivores of Sorghum bicolor and Plant Traits that Influence Visitation¹

A Fossil Thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) from a Cretaceous Deposit in Orapa¹