Volume 45: Issue 2

Rhagoletis fruit flies are strongly attracted to relatively large yellow surfaces that act as leaf mimics. Our objective was to determine whether apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), and cherry fruit fly, R. cingulata (Loew), (Diptera: Tephritidae) are more attracted to small yellow deposits than other colors, and whether contrast with the background modifies the response to deposit color. The experimental setup consisted of Petri dish arenas with sucrose deposits on the inside surface of the cover or the bottom. Female flies were introduced individually into the arena, and flies were either observed for 5 min or until they touched the sucrose with their labellum. Initially, translucent-colored deposits were produced by drawing a colored dot outside the cover of the same size as a sucrose deposit placed inside. In later trials, sucrose deposits contained pigment and wax emulsion and were opaque. More apple maggot flies found translucent yellow deposits than black, red or clear. When opaque deposits were used, there were no differences in the numbers of apple maggot flies that found deposits of different colors, but more cherry fruit flies found yellow than white, pink or blue deposits. Contrast cues were produced by depositing colored sucrose on the bottom of the Petri dish and placing the dish on a white or black background. More apple maggot and cherry fruit flies found yellow deposits than black or white, but the number of flies of both species that found a deposit strongly contrasting with the background was not significantly different from those finding the yellow deposit. We conclude that apple maggot and cherry fruit fly find small yellow deposits, or colors strongly contrasting with the background, more often than other colors, and that the response to color cue varies in different species.

The variation in instar number and the pattern of sequential instar development time of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was studied under 4 different diet regimes. Addition of dietary supplements consisting of dry potato or a mix of dry potato and dry egg whites significantly reduced the number of larval instars and total development time. The pattern of sequential stadia length showed regularity and low variability in instars 5 - 9. Stadia length continuously increased between instar 10 and the last instar before pupation (P₋₁). Instar number significantly impacted total development time and was also significantly correlated with stadia length. The length of the 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th stadia was not significantly affected by diet indicating that they may represent a stable part of the life cycle of T. molitor. The length of the last stadium (P₋₁) was regular within food treatments regardless of sequential instar number, but P₋₁ was also significantly affected by nutrition in a similar way as all the sequential stadia. The pattern of instar variation is discussed in regard to the insertion of new instars based on variation of stadia length.

Twenty-two species collected with Malaise traps are recorded for the first time from Spain. These are: Agromyza anthracina Meigen, 1830; A. bromi Spencer, 1966; A. hiemalis Becker, 1908; A. megalopsis Hering, 1933; Aulagromyza buhri(de Meijere, 1938); Au. luteoscutellata (de Meijere, 1924); Au. similis (Brischke, 1880); Au. trivitatta (Loew, 1873); Cerodontha (Poemyza) lapplandica (Rydén, 1956); Liriomyza amoena (Meigen, 1830); L. erucifolii de Meijere, 1944; L. graminivora Hering, 1949; L. samogitica Pakalniškis, 1996; Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer, 1957; M. nibletti Spencer, 1957; M. spinulosa Spencer, 1974; Ophiomyia labiatarum Hering, 1937; O. penicillata Hendel, 1920; Phytobia cerasiferae (Kangas, 1955); P. lunulata (Hendel, 1920); Phytomyza bupleuri Hering, 1963; and Ph. tanaceti Hendel, 1923. These new reports increase the total number of known agromyzid species in Spain to 287. In addition, M. spinulosa is a new report for Europe. Information on host plants, phenology, development, and distribution are included.

A single male of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter, 1900) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) was identified from insects captured in a Malaise trap operated as part of a 3-yr (2004 - 2007) biodiversity study in the Natural Park of “Tinença de Benifassà” in Spain. The specimen came from material captured in the trap between 18 - 25 September 2006 at GPS coordinates N40°39′22.6″ / E00°09′26.8″; 755 m elevation. This represents the first report of this species from Spain and the European continent. Although only a single male was captured, it indicates the occurrence of M. sojae in Spain, possibly from

Chemical Mechanism of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid-Induced Resistance in Rose Against Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)¹

Guiyan Chen,

Jing Cheng,

Zhuo Yang,

Qiuyu Zhao,

Zhangsong Shao,

Fazhong Yang, and

Yunxian Li

Response of Apple Maggot and Cherry Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) to Color and Contrast Cues from Small Deposits

Developmental Plasticity in Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae): Analysis of Instar Variation in Number and Development Time under Different Diets

New Species Records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from Spain

Pseudonapomyza atratula Zlobin, 2002 (Diptera: Agromyzidae): First Record on the European Continent (Spain) with Observations on Hosts Plants and Phenology

Comparison of Three Insect Sampling Methods in Sweetpotato Foliage in Mississippi

Coccinellids Associated with the Cotton Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Northeast Arkansas Cotton

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Parasitizing Canines and Deer in Arkansas

Effect of Silicon-based Fertilizer Applications on Nymphal Development and Adult Emergence of the Greenhouse Whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) Feeding on Poinsettia

Actual and Simulated Injury of Creontiades signatus (Heteroptera: Miridae) Feeding on Cotton Bolls

Influence of Post-Exposure Temperature on the Toxicity of Insecticides to the Tobacco-Adapted Form of the Green Peach Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

Human Nasal Myiasis Possibly Associated with Cocaine Abuse

First Record of Melanagromyza sojae (Zehnter) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Europe

A Comparison of Rearing Creontiades signatus Distant on Green Bean Pods or Pea Plants

Chemical Mechanism of Exogenous Jasmonic Acid-Induced Resistance in Rose Against Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)¹

Interference with Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase Reduces Wax Secretion and Influences the Development of Male Ericerus pela (Hemiptera: Coccoidae) Nymphs¹

Glycyrrhiza Volatiles Mediate the Host Preference of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)¹

Insect Pollinivores of Sorghum bicolor and Plant Traits that Influence Visitation¹

A Fossil Thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) from a Cretaceous Deposit in Orapa¹